Saturday, November 17, 2012
Friday, July 13, 2012
Saturday, June 30, 2012
my abstract published in EASR conference
Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Tuesday, June 5, 2012
Monday, April 16, 2012
EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENT OF KASARGOD MUSLIMS
A synopsis on
The Educational Movement Of Kasargod Muslims
by
Irshad BA
Introduction
Kasargod is north district of Kerala, and it is last established district after the establishment of Kerala state, based on language. The district, which was a Tulunad country, became independent district in 24 May, 1984 (Sha’ban 21. 1404) and this district includes seven language based multitudes.
As the census of 2001, Muslim population of Kasargod is 413,063, and this reaches to 34.3% of total population. The district is a multi cultural area of Kerala state, and it is mixed with the culture of neighboring state, Karnataka and the culture of Mumbai, to which Kasargod has enduring trade relation.
The culture of Kasargod is different to that of Kerala districts. The history of Kerala Muslims belittles the historic standing of Kasargod even though some historians have slight indications to the advent of Islam in Kasargod. As Kasargod was in olden times a part of Karnataka, Kerala diminishes the district as it is clearly evident in the government documents.
The literacy of Kerala reaches to 100% through whole of keralites, still the irony is that the Kerala historical documents are empty of Kasargod educational fields, as they adjoin to Karnataka.
But the fact is that the Islamic educational movement is boosting up. The Palli Dars, Madrasas, English media and Islamic academies are the light house of educational Kasargod. Muslim majority areas have a good percent in literacy.
Religious and material educational explosion also took place in Kasargod. Many prominent Ulamas and literates contributed too much educational ways to Kerala Muslims, and it has also a touch with Mappila literature such as Mappilappat and Pakshippat.
As Kasargod is nearest to Karnataka, many of Karnataka students depend on Kasargod for Islamic education even Karnataka is an asylum of material education.
It is deplorable that the internet sources diminish the Kasargod history. You may get only the official data of Kasargod. My study will be a contribution for all net based historians and for all people who learn about Kerala Muslims and Muslims of Kasargod.
Hypothesis
My study of “Educational movement of Kasargod Muslims” is to approve that the Kasargod is a Muslim cultural district which has an historic path of Islamic culture from the age of Malik Deenar (R) and latter Qazis.
The district has a good educational plan and a better system of education which Kasargod Muslims experienced. My study will show that Kasargod also wants a modernized system of education under Muslim community and the ancient Muslims were also completely supported the religious and material studies to boys and girls equally.
Review of literature
The study of Kasargod Muslims is few, but specializing on educational fields of Kasargod Muslims is very rare. Only some writers, whom we can count on our finger tips took slight step to point out the history of Kasargod Muslims.
The finest study about Muslims of Kasargod is “history of Kasargod Muslims” (Malayalam) of Moyin Malayamma Hudawi, which is a general view of Muslim history of Kasargod. There are other books, which are about Kasargod literature, belongs to KM Ahmed and Ibrahim Bevinje.
There is also a book which outlines to the whole society of Kasargod and its history, belongs to ADT Balan. The history of advent of Islam in Kasargod is referred from the book “Malik Bin Deenar and old masjid of Kasargod’ of Anas Hudawi (English translation by Hashir payyanur)
And the other relevant book of Kerala history is ‘The Mappilas of Malabar’, which is written by Stephen Dale. That book states the culture and history of Malabar, but about Kasargod is only the indications to the outbreak of Muslims in ancient times.
But there are too many books about Kerala Muslims, such as Malabar Mannual of William Logan, Muslims of Kerala of Dr. KM Bahahudheen, and Mappila Muslims of Kerala of Rolland E Miller. But these books give a short glance to the history of Kasargod Muslims.
Scope of study
The Kerala Muslim’s history couldn’t complete without the history and culture of its every parts. So, every writer concentrates on their nearest areas and Muslim majority areas. But the historical study on Kasargod Muslims is too short. But the kerala historians indicate to the general history of Kasargod.
Mainly the scope of study is that to recover the hidden history of Kasargod Muslims. Sometimes we got many short Malayalam booklets which indicate the culture of Kasargod Muslims and portraits the distinguished persons. My study will be a breakthrough for the history.
Methodology
The study of educational movement of Kasargod Muslims depends on the history of Kerala Muslims, especially of Malabar Mappilas. So, my study firstly goes to the study of Kasargod Muslims in the history of Kerala Muslims.
Secondly, the study goes to explain the status of Kasargod Muslims and educational status. The crux of my study is the methods of Islamic and material education of Kasargod Muslims and ways of exchange of Islamic knowledge. This chapter will consist of the educational institutions, madrasas, yatheemkhanas which are the light house of Kasargod Muslims’ educational field. Lastly my study will point out to the prominent persons in the field of Muslim education of Kasargod.
Objectives
Ø To make current concepts of Kasargod Muslims
Ø To bring the hidden stories of Kasargod Muslims to light
Ø To discover the media of exchange of knowledge
Ø To compare the current systems of education and ancient systems
Ø To take a short glance on the prominent persons in Kasargod
Ø To find out the language based education of Kasargod
Research Questions
Þ Why Muslims of Kasargod were avoided from Kerala history?
Þ What is the cause of Muslim backwardness?
Þ What are / were the media of education?
Þ Who bring the Muslims to the educational field?
Þ Do the modern education became far to Kasargod Muslims?
Þ What are the new education policies of Kasargod Muslims?
Þ What was the stand of Kasargod Muslims in Mappila literature?
Tentative chapterization
Chapter 1: Muslims in Kerala
i. Advent of Islam
ii. Muslims in ancient Malabar
iii. The current Muslims of Malabar
Chapter II: Kasargod Muslims: status in Kerala history
i. Identity of Kasargod Muslims
ii. Hindu-Muslim relation
iii. Politics of Kasargod Muslims
Chapter III: Educational media of Kasargod Muslims
i. Madrasas
ii. Palli dars
iii. Va’az
iv. Writings
Chapter IV: Major institutions and prominent leaders
i. Major dars
ii. Important madrassas
iii. Yatheeem khanas
iv. Prominent leaders
Chapter V: Muslim contributions to education
i. Mapila songs
ii. Publications
iii. Mapila literature
Conclusion
Bibliography
Bibliography
· Kerala Muslim charitram.
· Kerala Muslim charirtram, sthithi vivara kanak directory
· Malik deenar and Kasargod old masjid
· Kasargod muslimgalude charitram
· Kerala Muslim vidyabyasa directory
· A survey of Kerala history
· Muslims of Kerala
· Mappila Muslims of Kerala
· Malbar manual
· Mamburam thangal
Monday, January 30, 2012
INTRODUCTION
Healthy body may surrender to illness. So every man needs medicine. Now in the modern society, the medicine have more important role. For every sickness the modern society depends on the medicine, but they are ignorant about medicines side effect.
We know that Islam has relation with all knowledge as Arabs were the scholars of all knowledge and so the medical knowledge also involved in Arabian sands. Islam gives same value to care and cure. Prophet (s) said that “Allah didn’t send any disease without finding medicine.” So we know that Islam have a concept of medicine, as prophet(s) once ordered to treat from experts and specialists.
In ancient periods, the Christian bishops taught the people that diseases are punishment of God, so any one can’t be free from disease. Europeans used to cut diseased parts of body. In this time Muslims were role models for Greek doctors.
In medieval periods Islamic medicine raised to its topmost state. Many scholars rushed out, many doctrines were written and many Hospitals were established. Famous Christian schools, Roger Beacon of Europe and Gerberto of Cordoba were educated the medicine from Arabian doctors. Albert the Great points out his 12 Arab teachers.
Islamic Medicine has offered many such scholars such as Ibn Seena, Imam Razi and Sheerazi. But, by the black hands of European historians, many of Muslim scholars were neglected from their documents, and some of them were Latinize such as Avicenna and Razes, who were Latinized from Ibn-seena and Imam Razi respectively. Many contributions of Muslim doctors were belonging to Christian scientists in the history of Europeans.
As well as Muslim doctors were famous in medicine the prophet(s) had many self treatments. Prophet (s) taught the people more samples of medicine and many o them remains yet such as cauterization, cupping and many Ayurvedic medicines. Prophet (s) promoted acupuncture and he had treated with acupuncture.
After the prophetic age, the Muslims were also concentrating in medical world. The most improved civilization after prophetic age was the Caliphate of Abbasids. In this era the glorious inventions held, many hospitals established. They started treatment to leprosy, and many scholars nourished. Totally Islam had, and has an unbroken relationship with medicine, so we shall to find more evident to it.
Medicine and Islam
Man is weak in creation. In previous chapter, we have discussed about our health and that all men will surrender to illness. So we are slaves of medicines, drugs and other treatments. In this era, the medicine rigged the market and the medical became more benefiting area.
The medicines are now popular among the modern society. In every case we need medicines, some times the modern people addict to drugs and narcotics. The approach of new generation with medicines is more as it became a trend of this society.
As well as medicines, the medical systems emerged in this modern age. The modern medical world gives many items of therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine.1
Side effects
The modern medicines couldn’t rime the disease completely, but it gives us many side effects. In the history you can’t see any complete or apt medicine. All medicines are changing. The exact reasons for the popularity of complementary and alternative medicine are complex; they change with time and space, they may vary from therapy to therapy, and they are different from one individual to another. The medicines can remove one disease and give donate another disease.2
Now the new pharmacopeia uses the antibiotic commonly. But all antibiotics are poisons. These antic-biotic couldn’t kill men, but it kills out single cellular microbes. The usage of anti-biotic intoxicates our body. The body becomes weak. Some times the anti-biotic causes to mental retardation. The antibiotics are commonly known as toxins.
The anti-biotic kills the bacteria which help our digestion. If the digestion is not in good, many diseases invade our healthy body. The new studies point out that most of the anti-biotic are not powerful or apt to remove the disease.3
In Islamic View
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The beloved prophet (PBUH) encourages the treatment as: “Make use of medical treatment, for Allah has not made disease without appointing a remedy for it, with the exception for one disease, namely old age.” 5
“Allah has sent down both the disease and cure, and He has appointed a cure for every disease so treat your selves medically. The one who sent down the disease sent down the remedy.”6
The belief that there is a cure for every disease encouraged early Muslims to engage in biomedical research and seek out cure for every disease known to them. Many early authors of Islamic medicine were usually clerics rather than physicians, and were known to have advocated the traditional medical practices of Prophet Muhammad’s time, such as those mentioned in the Quran and Hadeath.7
Such as the Islam has a neat and good rules and regulations, there are many medicines in the Quran, and even the Quran is a remedy for mental diseases. The Quran characterizes it self as Allah says: “O mankind! There has come to you a good advice from your Lord (i.e. the Qur’an, enjoining all that is good and forbidding all that is evil), and a healing for that which is in your hearts”8
View of prophet
In Islamic tradition, the origins of Islamic medicine can be traced back to the time of Prophet Muhammad (s) as a significant numbers of Hadeaths. Concerning medicine is attributed to him. Several Sahaba had said to have been successfully treated of certain diseases but following medical advice of Prophet Mohammed.8
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Three methods of medicine were honey fire cupping, and cauterization, Muhammad (PBUH) appears to be the first recorded as directly stating that tee is always a cause and cure for every disease. Prophet(S) says:”There is no disease that Allah has created, except that He also has created its treatment.”10
Prophet(S) was ordering to natural treatments such as black cumin, plants such as Indian Quist The theory of fly’s poisons is examined to day that “if a fly falls in to the vessel of any of you, let him dip all of it and then throw it way, for in one of its wings there is a disease. This Hadeath was cleared out scientifically.11
Medicine in modern society
The sophisticated world is too advanced. But the weak men can release from diseases for over? No, because the modernization is very difficult for human being as it some times described as anti-human right thing. When the world level rose into its zenith, the medicine was also modernized.
The new men approaches the medicine with fear, because, I already said that many of medicines are toxins which is senses to side effects. But also the market price of medicines is too huge to bear for the poor families. The nigh coast of medicines may due to negligence of poor from medicine.12
We should now that the price of some medicine, injections and tablets are heavy to bear a middle class family. Most of sick of poor family is sheltering is government hospitals, but some times, the prescription of doctors may impose a burden upon them.
If these are the conditions of poor family the reports says that the medical budget id a cause of world economical crisis, Martin McKee and colleagues describe varying approaches to the economic crisis. While most European Union member states face serious budget cuts, some have increased funding for health as well as investing to limit the health effects of unemployment. At a recent meeting in Moscow where health ministers emphasized the need to recognize how health and health services contribute to economic growth and how developments in other sectors contribute to health. 13
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1. Health The Hindu
2. Arogyam Mathrabhoomi
3. Islam chila medical chindakal
4. Ibn Majah
5. Swahih Bhukhari
6. Bhukhari, Muslim
7. Medicine and medieval Islam
8. Yoonus 10:57
9. Pravachaka Vaidyam
10. Bhukhari
11. The Qur’an, the Bible and the science
12. Arogyam: Manorama daily
14. www.bmj.com/lookup/ doi:10.1136/bmj.c5341
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History of Islamic Medicine
Medicine started along with beginning of human creation. Because all human body is built with weak parts as Quran says: Man was created weak. In Arabic language, medicine is known as “Fannuthibb”. As far as ibn-Khaldun concernment Thib is knowing about weak body, cause of weakness and to serve him to diet”(1)
Medicine had a vast circulation in ancient era. AL-Arabic Magazine reports that there was dental medicine before 4600 years. Herodotus, a Greek historian says that there were many medical systems in ancient periods, But insufficiency was, there were only specialists for a disease, a specialist for internal and another for external diseases.(2)
In ancient periods, the Christian bishops taught the people that diseases are punishments of God, so any one can’t be free from disease. Europeans used to cut thee diseased part of body for long periods. In these era men are suffered from duplicate doctors.
Sabith was a famous Muslim doctor who was invited to treat Europe. He was a special guest or king to cure a shivering queen and injured person. But he was exiled from Europe before he completed medicine.
Arabs asked him about his returning he said that king was not satisfied with my medicine and they exiled me. They appointed a local doctor firstly he cut leg of wounded man and shaved queen’s head ,at last two of then died by bleeding, this was a face of European medicine(3)
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Quthubuddeen Sheerazi of 13th century was famous not only in astronomy but also in medicine. He opened the doors of knowledge in the age of the ignorance. He who wrote many precious works on this subject, was disciple of Imam Razi.(4)
The Arabs, who were interested in the field of medicine, built a magnificent library. But by the hands of Christian emperors many of those precious books were lost forever.
The new one who opened new doors of medicine was Ibn vahis. His discovery was diet. He was the first doctor who ordered for diet instead of remedy. His contemporary Hakeem Razhyudheen gave more importance for diet than that of panacea. The great physician Ibn Seena, who was known as Avicenna in Latin, penned about 700 precious works about medicine.
Famous Christian scholars, Roger Bacon of Europe, and Gilberto of Cordova were educated the medicine from Arab scholars. Albert the Great points out his 12 Arab teachers. Raymond Lulea of Blaze learned medicine from Arabian libraries.(5)
Ibnuseena’s ‘The cannon of medicine’ had a greater influence throughout Europe. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries alone the cannon of medicine was published more than thirty five times. These objects prove that Islam has a great influence in the world of medicine.
Anatomy
Anatomy was also a contribution of Arabs. This great phenomenon was developed by Arabs as an inspiration from Prophet Muhammad [PBUH] as the Prophet said; There are witness to whom they think in their own bodies.’ There are many Hadeaths banning the cut of the dead bodies.6
The great scholar of 9th century Jhahil was interested in anatomy. He was butchering the animals to research about inner parts of animals. He discovered the place of embryo and its counting with cutting the abdomen. And he also penned a book in the title of ‘Kithabul Hayawan’.
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There were also researches about the eyes. Ibn Haitham founded that the retain is the main part of where the objects reflect. Hunain bin Ishaq researched about nervous system and brain structure. The modern world game all respect of discovering the Blood circulation phenomenon to William Harvey, but Ibn Naffes, who lived before 3 centauries than William Harvey discovered the phenomenon of blood circulation-The later anatomists learned from the3 books of ancient Arabs7
Pharmacology
The pharmacology is a main part of medicine. This branch of education was widespread among Arabs. They were inspired from Hadeaths and Quran. Pharmacopoeia and pharmacology were also the contribution of Arabs. The Hadeath, there are no disease with out its medicine, gave more encourage to Arabs to move in the path of pharmacopoeia.8
All credits of the pharmacology land on the shoulders of Imam Razi, Ibn Seena and Ibn Baithar Imam Razi taught the Europeans the lessons of pharmacology. The later scholars divided the medicine into to two types, Simple drugs and compound drugs. As well as the invention there were many critical words about the medicine. The books were published.
The first one who wrote about the Greek medicinal herb, was Ibn-Muqaffah, who acquainted about 588 herbs and its efficacy. The Spanish king entrusted the Arabs mission of reformation their medical books.
Surgery
The surgery is a main part of medical world. As well as the Arabs climbed all zenth of medicine they were also very interested in surgery. The surgery was a general subject in medicine in the age of Muslims.9
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Sahrawi was a famous surgeon in Cordova. The Europeans flowed into Cordova to study surgery from him. Will Durant says that, Cordova was a shelter for seekers of surgery. Sahrawi wrote a book with the title of ‘An aid to him who is not equal to large treaties. The book ‘The great surgery’ of Fuiy de Chauliac, who was considered as father of French surgery, was a copy from Sahrawi’s books. 13
1. Muqaddimah Ibn khaldun
2. Al Arabi magazine Oman
3. Arabikal parancha shasthram
4. Quran: shasthrangalude shasthram
5. Alamul Islami (WML)
6. Islam chila medical chindakal
7. Arabikal parancha shasthram 120-122
8. Ibid 113
9. Islam chila medical chindakal
10. Hadeath Muslim
11. Vikgnanavum muslimkalum
12. Arabikal parancha shasthram
13. 100 Muslim scientists- Abdurrahman)
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Scholars of Islam in medicine
The Islamic history has a vast history in medical field. Muslim scientists and investigators invented many medical theories and medical concepts. Now the modern medical world imitates most of the old theories and some times the new pharmacologists can find new medicines, but in fact these facts are an imitation of those concepts which were kept under ground of history. Here I give you a nodding acquaintance to you about some Muslim scholars whom the history accepted and whose inventions were agreed by scientific world. It is an irony that most of the Muslim scientists not only of the medicine, were Latinized by the devil hands of historians.
IMAM RAZI
Abu backar Muhammad bin Zakariya al Razi was a well known scholar of the 9th century. He was known as Razes in Latin. He was the leader of Islamic medicine. The name Razi derived from his native place Rayy.
Razi, who was chief physician in Bagdad hospital, had many disciplines. His activity to find a fine place for hospital was very famous. He took a piece of meal and hanged it in atmosphere. At last he selected a place for hospital where the meal was changed badly. By this activity he was selecting a place where the presence of living atoms is very less.
Imam Razi wrote about 113 books and 28 booklets. Many of these books were translated to European languages. He points out his experiences and activities. He had written about the stones of kidney and bladder. His master-piece was “Al havi” which was known as encyclopedia of medicine.1
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Imam Razi donated more donations to gynecology, baby care and eye operation. He was the first one who used chemicals a medicine. Mercury ointment was a donation of imam Razi to medical world. His demise was in 9232.
Another breakthrough by Ibn-Sina is his discovery of the modes of infection of some diseases like measles and smallpox and that their contagious nature is due to tiny living organisms in water and air. He once said, "Water contains tiny living organisms, unseen by the naked eye, causing some diseases." This was confirmed later in the eighteenth century by Van Leuthook and other scientists after the microscope has been invented. Hence, Ibn-Sina was the first to establish parasitological, which is a very important branch in modern sciences. He was the first to differentiate between primary and secondary meningitis and other, similar diseases. He also described tonsillectomy, and added his own opinion about some kinds of cancers, like liver and breast cancers and lymph node tumors as well as other tumors.3
As an example, Abu- Bakr ar-Razi (313 A.H.) was the first to invent surgical suturing, to make mercury ointment and to introduce a fully detailed explanation of pediatrics, gynecology, obstetrics, ophthalmology and eye diseases. He pioneered in conducting experimental research in medical sciences. He also tried proposed remedies on animals in order to evaluate their effects and side effects. He conducted some experiments on animals like monkeys. He used to give them a dose of medicine and record its effect. If it produced the desired result, he would start applying it on human beings.4
Ibn- Nafees
Ibn Nafees was an intelligent scholar of Islamic medicine. Ibn-Nafees (died 687 A.H) contradicted Galen's theory of the presence of a foramen between the left and the right ventricles. Ibnun-Nafees corrected this error and as a consequence he discovered the minor circulatory system.
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Ibnun- Nafees proved that the blood movement is as follows: It flows from the right ventricle to the lungs where it is oxygenated. Then, it flows from the lungs to the left ventricle through the pulmonary artery. He further described the pulmonary artery, asserting that it has two impenetrable and very delicate layers. He also called it an artery for its pulsing nature. Thus, he presented a very precise description of the minor (Pulmonary) circulatory system.6
Ibn-seena
The brilliant Islamic figure Ibn-Sina (died 428 A.H.) enriched the history of mankind with his sublime medical discoveries aided by the Help of Allah. He discovered many of the ailments which are still widespread, such as Ankylostoma parasite and he called it 'the round worm', preceding the Italian scientist Dobby Bingo by nearly 900 years.
Ibn-Sina was the first to describe meningitis and differentiate between of cerebral origin and that resulting from external (or peripheral) cause. He also described stroke that results from excessive blood flow, opposing what had been believed by the ancient Greek physicians.7He differentiated between the renal colic and intestinal colic.
Another breakthrough by Ibn-Sina is his discovery of the modes of infection of some diseases like measles and smallpox and that their contagious nature is due to tiny living organisms in water and air. He once said, "Water contains tiny living organisms, unseen by the naked eye, causing some diseases." This was confirmed later in the eighteenth century by Van Leuthook and other scientists after the microscope has been invented. Hence, Ibn-Sina was the first to establish parasitological, which is a very important branch in modern sciences. He was the first to differentiate between primary and secondary meningitis and other, similar diseases. He also described tonsillectomy, and added his own opinion about some kinds of cancers, like liver and breast cancers and lymph node tumors as well as other tumors.
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Twabri
Abdul Hassan ali bin sahl bin Rabbani al thwabri of 9th century famous one of t5he Muslim specialists in medicine. He, whi was deputy of Abasid Qalifa Alma’thasim’s palace, was well known in writings Firdousul Hakam, the encyclopedia of lot Islamic medicine was penned out by Imam Thwabri. This encyclopedia contains the knowledge pharmacy, embryology, psychology, anatomy, philosophy and astronomy with its more details in that era. And also this encyclopedia points out to Greek and Indian medicines.9
Sinan
Fall home is Aboo saood Thabith bin Qurrah. He was well known in Geomatry, and astronomy as well as in m medicine. He had joined as doctor of palace of Abbasid caliph Al Maqthadir. In this time, there were 860 specialists in Bagdad. Sinan was examiner of these specialists, and he was attested their certificates. There were no rights to work without certificate. Sinan had treated many of Abbasids. He took herculean task to improve Baghdad Hospital.10
1. Islamic encyclopedia (Malayalam)
2. Vikgnanavum muslimkalum
3. An Outstanding Islamic Method to Study Medicine Dr. Ragheb Elsergany
4. Medicine in medieval Islam
5. Islamic encyclopedia (Malayalam)
6. ibid
7. ibid
8. Vikgnanavum muslimkalum
9. Islam chila medical chindakal
10. Islamic encyclopedia (Malayalam)
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In Abbasids
Islamic civilization is well known civilization in world history. Muslims world mounted the zenith of civilization in Abbasids age. The Baghdad (Darussalam), the best city, was built by Abbasid Khalifa Al-Mansoor. He had successes in inviting Greek, Roman and Chinese scholars to the land of knowledge-Bagdad. By the well doing Bagdad became the great source of knowledge of world.1
In the age of Amavids, there were many Greek works but there were no-renaissance of knowledge except Khalid bin Yaseed bib Muaviya had translated some of it to Arabic. The educational revolution started in the age of Abbasids. As well as for astronomy, economy, geography and geometry there were well respect for medical field and treatment. There fore the Hospitals (Beemaristhan) built up on this age and many medical shops were established.2
In the age of Abbasids, the main progress in medicine was the translations of Greek books. But in the age of Amavids there was only one translated book. In Abbasids age, many educational progresses were held especially in medicine, as Hunain bin Ishaq translated the anatomic book of Greek scholar Galan. Khalifa Mansoor had the palace doctor Girgis. Sabith bin Quran translated the books of Archimedes, Euclid another Greek masters3
The first hospital was built by Haroon Rasheed at west side of Bagdad. Gabrael bin Baqthuyashoo was the chief physician in the age of Muthalid there were many hospitals. These hospitals were the paragon to our modern hospitals. There were hospitals for Jail prisoners. This was under Sabith bin Sinan and a minister Aliyy bin Esa4 Abbasids doctors took some of ancient studies and some of ancient inventions were rejected by them.
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Taking out miscarried fetus from womb by caesarean and changing fractured bones were took place in the age of Abbasids. Plague was afatal disease in ancient times. Ibn-Qatheeb and Ibn Qatheem wrote carely about plague and its cause of spreading. In the age of Khalifa Muqthadir there were examinations.in the age of Abbasids, there were practices for the new doctors. In A.D 131, the age of Muqtahdire, a patient was died due to the mistakes of doctors, and then Khalifa ordered all doctors to certify their eligibility once again with new examination. 5
By the order of Khalefa Mansoor they fetch the famous doctor George Yous to Bagdad from Jandhishpure. Yabyunbin Masawaihi wrote a book about eye disease and its causes with title of “kithabul Du’lul Ain” . Masul kabeer and Yohantous penned more dissertations about eyes teeth and stomach with its medicines.6
1. Muhalarath u-thareequl islamiyyah
2. Islamika samrajyavum nagarikathayum
3. Islamum vigjnanavum(islam and knowledge page 41-42
4. Ibid page 51
5. Ibid page 49
6. Shasthram islamika nagarikathayil
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Conclusion
The heath is the most important wealth, but we lose it all time. In this time we want medicine and health tips. When the scientific inventions fail to recover many diseases, Islam shows the true path to treat it, and also it wipes out at all.
When the new world argues that Islam has no role in this modern era, the medical world receives more advices from muslin scholars. Here we I has mentioned the relevance of Islam in every time. the Islamic concept on the medicine is very apt to be followed by the new generation.
By this dissertation I tried to emphasize you to research and study about the Islamic medicine. The relevance or this topic never dies till the human being is remaining on the earth. So you shouldn’t depend upon this dissertation only but refer many and many to understand the Islamic medicine. The daily news papers are the testimony for the new innovations and the modern science giving the old theories in new model. So I have to say the beloved reader must accept and follow the Islamic medical facts.
| 54 PART: III SHAREATH: CARE BERFORE CURE Ø Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………..27 Ø Shareath; a routine……………………………………………………………………………….….28 Ø Orders ………………………………………………………………………………………………………29 · Fasting…………………………………………………………………………………….………29 · Prayer……………………………………………………………………………………………..31 Ø Prohibitions ..................................................................................................33 · Liquor……………………………………………………………………………………..………33 · Adultery…………………………………………………………………………………..….…..36 · Homosexuality……………………………………………………………………….….…….37 · Pig and pork…………………………………………………………….……………….….….39 · Dog………………………………………………………………………………..………………..42 Ø Hadeaths …………………………………………………………………………………………………..44 · Dental care………………………………………………………………………………………44 · Circumcision…………………………………………………………………………………… 46 · Moderation in food………………………………………………………………………….48 · Cleanliness and epidemics…………………………………………………………….…50 · Ablution…………………………………………………………………………………………..52 · Thahneek…………………………………………………………………………………………52 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………54 INTRODUCTION Yes, many of us become tired, diseased and most of us cured, but we are not in need of cure if we became care about our body and its health? No the proverb I prevention is better than cure; but most of us are not cared about it. We can’t cure for all. If any body prevents its biotic then it doesn’t want anti-biotic. The best preventing way is the Shareath which introduces us the empowerment of our soul and body. This Islamic laws and rules are very useful to prevent our body from man y diseases. So we shall give more attention on Islamic laws. The Shareath is in two ways, some of them are ordered by Allah directly and another is taught by Prophet Muhammad (s). The Shareath also divided into two parts orders and prohibitions. These two parts also can prevent out body from illness and sickness. But the part of prohibition is most discussed today than the part of orders, and many works be also created about this subject. The supreme identity a Muslim is prayer this prayer prevents our body from back pains, and it eases the delivery. Many scientifically studies are done about prayer and its medical aspect. The second order is fast. In the thirty days of Ramadan we should avoid all foods and we should prevent our body from sexualities. Scientific world had invented many medicines from fast. This fast prevents our body from viruses and biotic The second part of Shareath is prophetic words. Many Hadeaths and habit of prophet (s) are the health tips. Dental cares, ablution, Thahneek are most discussed today. Many of prophetic medicines are followed yet today. It may be an irony that the Islamic medicines, prophetic medicines and the contributions of Muslim scholars to the medical world are ignored by the modern science. But we know that many of the medicines are a carbon copy of the Islamic medicines. Here I prefer to submit that the Islamic laws are very useful and very apt solution for the modern crisis, even it may be in the field of economy or medicine. SHAREATH: A ROUTINE Islamic Shareath is a constitution which seeks good doings from Muslims and orders to avoid bad things. Our predecessors were heartedly subdued to Islamic Shareath; therefore they lived healthy. But modern Muslims, commonly in civilize (not cultured) areas got rid of Islamic constitution, and therefore the world had spread with fatal diseases which lead majority of us to decease. Where does Shareath relate to physical health? The answer is very obvious from Shareath orders and from history of health which agreed it. Shareath sprays the dos of prevention,” prevention is better than cure”. It is Shareath because Shareath’s main aim is redemption in two worlds, here form diseases and there in the day of doom saves from hell. If any one abides by Islamic Shareath he would live healthy because Shareath takes the role of exercises and deficiency. Therefore Islamic Shareath should be the line of our life. The Islamic Shareath is a routine of a Muslim which describes the path of a Muslim. The Shareath leads him to the path of goodness. The Shareath shows an entire life style of a man even his daily life. The routine has an extra power to manage a man in his illness. The psychiatric medicine is depends on the patient’s time table. The changing in the daily life style may cause to illness, not only the mental but also physical. Islamic Shareath gives a straight path to a man to get into health. The Shareath is the laws from the God Allah and his Messenger, Muhammad. The Shareath is consisting of some orders and prohibition. The God Allah orders some to do and some to avoid. In this era the study about Islamic laws is very strong as the Islam became the fear of the modern world. Mainly the scholars are discussing that why Islam prohibited some and why agreed some? Some times they reached to a final decision. In this modern age the health is very discussing chapter, so this chapter is discussing about health aspects of Shareath. Firstly the discussion is about orders of Shareath. We can’t to write all about the benefits of five pillars of Islam, because the study or research about the five pillars is not completed ever.
ORDERS The Shareath has some orders. Some of them are should be done by every one. The main orders of Islam are known as pillars of Islam. There are five pillars for Islam, which would be done by every Muslim. Here I have to write about only two of them because the first one is Shahada which is an oral custom, so here it have no any importance in this chapter, and so I avoided it. The prayer is the second pillar, and so I write some of its medical concepts. The third one is the fasting of Ramadan here is its medical aspects. The next one is Hajj and another is Zakath. The study about Hajj is progressing and it has no solid evident for its health aspect, so I avoided it. The Zakath is a purity of the wealth and it have no touch with health. FASTING The holly religion Islam have five pillars the third one of it fast its Shareath has more rules and regulations the fasting is also a rule which all Muslims must obey .the Quran says: “o believers fasting have been made obligatory upon you as were made obligatory upon those before you, so that you may become pious.”1 here Quran indicates only to the prize of fasting here after .The prophet [s] says every thing has a vindication the vindication of our body is fasting 2 .But here is only the praise of a god Allah Then what does science says about fasting If the standard height and weight of a man increased about 20% he will become fat. The fasting can remove this fatness because by the fasting our nutrition and vitamins becomes adequate to our body. The main cause of fatness is corpulence when we avoid food in day time the corpulence changes into sugar of blood .so the fatness decreases. So we know that the fasting of a month will affect our body very perfectly.
This heart attack is known as myocardial infraction in medical language. We should know that the fattiness is caused by the food. When a man controls this over limit of food he gets remedy from heart stack. But nowadays the fasting became a useless thing, because, the modern people avoid food in day time and eat well in night. Fasting is too food for health. The American Scientist Edison Thomas Alwa says: The fasting of Islam is savior to human health. It saves our body from many fatal diseases, and it bestows our body awakening4. Dr Swaminath says: The fasting is good for health. So every religion orders to fasting. Our pleasantries which have more works every time get a freedom in the time of fasting. The fasting is also a remedy for fattiness. It can prevent our body from fatal diseases. The prophet (PBUH) said that: Take fasting and be healthy.5 The beloved Prophet (PBUH) had more education about the fasting. The fasting can also alleviate Diabetic. 6 1. Al baqara-183 2. Thurmudhi 3. The week health 4. Quran: shasthrangalude shasthram 5. Thwabrani 6. Islam: Chila Medical Chindakal
PRAYER The second one of the five pillars of Islamic constitution is prayer (swalath). It is a routine of a Muslim. He would pray 5 times a day. By the prayer, a Muslim gets more positives for his health. If we think carefully about prayer (Swalath) we would get that it is a scientific worship which gives more health in this world and praise hereafter. Now the world health organizations give more respect for meditation. The divine centers and psychiatric offices are giving treatment of meditation. But do we know, what is meditation? The meditation is a concentration of heart in a single point. in materiality, the concentrating point will be a sunset, sunrise, flower, or a dawn break. Some times it may be his life partner, but in Islamic meditation, the concentrating point is God Allah. The prayer is also a meditation in which a Muslim gets peace of mind. In every moment of the prayer, the Muslim’s heart should be concentrated on the God Allah. New the scientific world agrees that the concentration on a minute point can give heart peace and self-fulfillment.1 In Sura Qamar "God deprecates those who are careless in their prayers offer them only for show." The blessed Prophet told us "Prayers are certainly health promoting." Although the real purpose of prayers is to worship Allah yet there is a large number of additional benefits also. 2 Shoppen hoven says the meditation can remove the will power and bad desires. As well as meditation the Yoga is also adequate to remove the will power and bad desires. In same time the prayer (Swalath) is a meditation and Yoga. The modern physical experts agreed that the prayer is same to Yoga and may better than it.3 The Sheershasana and Vajrasanam of Yoga also a part of human exercise, but the Sujood and Ruku is also a kind of Asanams the Vajrasanam can help digestion and treats the diseases of gripe and constipation and empower our legs. The Ruku also gives a remedy for spinal diseases, decreases potbelly and gives a relief from heart disease and spermatic deficiency. 4
We claim that the exercises is indispensable to health, then we know that there is no any faults in prayer which seen in exercises. The prayer is a group of exercises which improve our body. The Ruku and Sujood are main exercises which gives more health and confidence. By Ruku we get health to spinal cords, loins become clear, paunch decreases, get relief for spermatic problems, piles and heart diseases. By Sujood blood circulation to brain enhances and it causes to expand memory power and hearing power increases and this Sujood is apt treatment for hepatitis and jaundice. Isnail sjenieder of Main Chain University of federal republic of Germany and his friends experimented that the Sujood is better for pregnant women by the essay of journal of prenatal medicine this scientific aspect of prayer spread through the world 6 They keep our body active, help digestion and save us from muscle and joint diseases through regular balanced exercise. They help the circulation of blood and also mitigate the bad effect of cholesterol. Prayers play a vital role in acting as a preventive measure against heart attack, paralyses, premature senility, dementia, loss of control on sphincters, diabetes mellitus etc.7 On the side of psychology the prayer gives peace and harmony and it decreases anxiety, fear, confusion, greedy and jealousy and it also changes negative emotions to positive emotions .there are more importance for meditation in the world of medicine. The prayer is same to this meditation. 1. Manasika Arogyavum Yoga chikilsayum S Shanthakumar 2. Islamic Medicine: Hassan Ghaznawi, M. D. 3. Quran: shasthrangalude shasthram 4. Manasika Arogyavum Yoga chikilsayum S Shanthakumar 5. Swahih Bhukhari 6. Quran: shasthrangalude shasthram 7. Islamic Medicine: Hasan Ghaznawi
PROHIBITIONS The Islamic Shareath has two faces, orders and prohibitions. I have already said that the study or research is only on the basis of prohibition because the peoples are discussing that why Islam prohibits some of habits which is common among the western people and among the wise men, especially why Islam prohibits the pork which is considered as good for health, the liquor which is considered as best medicine to serve the health, and the sexual approaches with men or women which is social balancing element after marriage. We will get the answers to the doubts. LIQUOR Our India, country of Mahatma Gandhi who had said that liquor is enemy of man, had drowned with rivers of liquor and today. The liquor is a fatal calamity which spread throughout world. Five star bars are rising in developed countries. Some times we think this evil done is seam only in men but survey of Sunday times shows that the number of men exceeding recommended limit has fallen to 26 percent whilst the number of men doing so has risen to 12 percent. 1 Numerous diseases have been attributed to alcohol like dyspeptic trouble, peptic ulceration, cancer stomach, pancreatitis, cirrhosis liver, vitamin deficiency and coronary heart disease.2
As well as his mental structure, his physical structure also comes down. Continuous drinking for about 10 years causes to Liver cirrhosis. cirrhosis is a disease which being lumps and swellings on the liver. First step of this disease is Fatty liver, in these stage fat increases on the liver, and if he goes on drinking second state comes, Hepatitis and if continue the drinking, he should surrender to liver cirrhoses. By liver cirrhosis, the shape of liver changes, and it becomes annul, poisons couldn’t excrete, body would swell, and this disease causes to insanity and cancer. The victims suffer from Jaundice, abdominal pain, edema in different parts of the body, gynaecomastia (enlarged breast in men) and atrophy of the testes4 There are very difficult to treat this illness, only one way is to treat is to change liver, but most of bodies do not accept other livers. But there is only one way that care is better than cure. Alcohol ingestion causes a feeling of early warmth, then increased sweating, then lowered body temperature hypothermia (cold damage) and finally death. Alcohol is responsible for cancer of the esophagus, chronic gastritis, heart diseases, and children born to alcoholic women suffer from the fatal alcoholic syndrome (FAS). They suffer from a triad of abnormality, dysfunction of the central nervous system and stunting of growth and later there is a manifestation of hearing, language and speech problems. 5 The over usage of alcohol causes to sexual/reproductive disorders and it may causes lack of sexual ability.6 Drinking alcohol regularly can increase the risk of abnormal heart rhythm disorder called atria fibrillation, say Japanese researchers. The study, which was published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, analyses 14 studies involving 1,30,820 people, including 7,558 who had atria fibrillation. Men who drank over two drinks daily and women over one drink daily had a 51 per cent grater risk of aerial fibrillation compared to teetotalers. The relative risk of developing atria fibrillation increased by 8 per cent with each additional 10 grams of alcohol consumed. The risk was relevant for both habitual and episodic drinkers. Even moderate drinkers were at risk comparing to teetotalers.7
We should know that the age of beloved prophet (PBUH) was the sixth century which is called as Dark Age. The Arabs were the slaves of the liquor and other social injustice, but when the prophet (PBUH) prohibited the alcohol the Madeena was sunken ankle deep in the liquor. The prophet (PBUH) taught them the negative side of the alcohol and the liquor was completely exiled from Madeena. 1. Islam the choice of thinking women Ismail Adam Patel 2. Islamic Medicine: Hasan Ghaznawi 3. open page-The Hindu-Feb 6/2011) 4. Arogyam monthly 5. open page-The Hindu-Feb 6/2011) 6. Arogyam deepam-trimonthly,2011 7. The weak-health. March 6,2011 page 7 8. Al Baqara 219
Adultery Now the modern men are addicts of adultery. For his momentary lust he surrenders to the bas thing adultery. By this, many viral diseases increase, HIV grows and Aids victims increase. These fatal diseases could not remove easily. HIV (human immune deficiency virus) was discovered at Thailand in 1984. This was the first Aids case in the world. In 1985 Hollywood super star Rock Headesen died addicting to HIV. This spread the fear of Aids 1 In the report of 1990 Aids victims’ number was increased as million. Between1988-1992 there were 60 lacks of Aids victims. Many mother died by HIV and many of children were orphans. These were about 1000 lacks of children.2 this great disease was caused by immoral adultery. Islam prohibits immoral adultery by its Shareath. This adultery causes to many other diseases such as hepatitis and syphilis. Islamic Shareath gives a pure protection to these fatal diseases. But many of non-Islamic religion could not prohibit this great sin. Why the victims of Aids increase in this modern age, even though there are many medicines for Aids? Dr Jhoshi john replied: many of victims are gays and lesbians. If they feel control of disease they continue their sexual life.3 but Quran says: and approach not adultery, undoubtedly that is immodesty and very vile path.4 In Thailand about 4 lacks of men visit the broths. In India a more than 80 million are victims of HIV and the toll increases, children die and the pregnant dies. The death, the leveler approaches all men. Islam taught through its messenger that the prophet (PBUH) said that “in which society the adultery spreads the toll increases5. So Islamic teachings are true, but the world has not time to follow it as they try to tarnish Islam. In this case, we the Muslims have proud. 1. www.aids .com 2. ibid 3. Arogyam monthly 4. Al Isra- 32 5.
Homosexuality Homo sexuality is a discussed matter in our constitution. It became a fatal calamity in the world. This anti-social work had broken out our healthy world. Our India removed the law of banning the homosexuality under the 377th section by the advice of Delhi high court of July 2, 2009. This advice was by appeal order of Naz foundation.1 Nepal Government has amended with permitting the homosexuality in Dec. 21 2007. This anti-social work was started in Louth’s multitude of Sodom. Prophet (PBUG) said that if you see any one doing bad thing of Louth’s multitude, then kill him.2 At different times and different cultures, homosexual behavior has variously been encouraged, punished and banned. Homosexuality was not uncommon in ancient Greece, and Rome, particularly between adult and adolescent males. Jewish, Christian, and Muslims cultures have generally viewed as sinful.3 But the Jews threw their laws and misinterpreted the verses of Thora at last they agreed gay marriages. The liberal Jews of Britain acknowledged the same sex marriage in 2003 and they agreed in the synagogues. This was reported in The guardian feb.25,20054 .And yet the capital of Israel, Tel Aviv was named as the gay capital of the Middle East, by the American lifestyle magazine “Out”5 . This homo sexuality is injurious to our heath. When gay scientists were trying to treat this homosexuality, AIDS was spread out. In Jun 5, 1981. Pneumocystis was reported in 5 gays at Losangels 6 Report of Centers for Disease Control of 2003 points out that 63percentage of Aids victims are gays 7 Sanfransisco chronicle (June 15, 2008) reports that new skin effect which sprays staff bacteria which can break out all anti-biotic at Sanfransisco, Newyork and Losangels, this virus was found among gays (13) .4 percentage of American population are victims of LGBT as a report of 2006. 8 Until the early 1970s many medical organizations, such as the American Psychiatric Association, classified homosexuality as a mental disease, but that designation was wildly dropped in subsequent years 9
The prophet(s) says: In which society you can see the bad doing and it wide spreads, you can see the fatal disease in that society 15 2. Thurmudhi, Ibn Majah, Abu-Dawood 3. Encyclopedia Britannica vol: 5 7. ibid 8. Gray J Gates: same sex couples and Gay lesbians and by sexual population. New Estimates from the American survey-oct 1, 2006 9. Encyclopedia Britannica vol: 5 10. A disease that gets worse over a period of time, spreading from the sexual organs to the skin, bones, muscle and brain—oxford dictionary 13. Arogyam monthly. 14. Al Aaraf :81 15. Ibn Majah- Baihaqi
PIG AND PORK The event, which took place in Mexico City, shook the world, breaking the spine of world health organizations. First in history, Swine flu spread out in Mexico. World heath organizations scared of this, and global health sectors once stunned. How the Swine flu that was seen only in pigs infected to human organism? The answe3r is very simple, over interaction with pigs!! Report of Alamul- Islam, describes: Hans Rack Funch, a German historian, says Muslims and Jews have vivid influence on paths shown by Prophet Muhammad (s) and Easa (a). In different parts of Africa where Muslims and other small castes, Muslims can be seen almost healthy because pork is forbidden to them. Meanwhile, others are affected with different diseases, because they follow the western culture and eat pork. The Holy Qur'an has prohibited the swine-flesh, hence the Muslims would not dare touch it. The Bible has also forbidden swine-flesh, but Christians disregarded this order and started consuming it. The Europeans now proclaim that pork is a very powerful diet, rich in protein. Some of them further argue that since there is a great scarcity of food-stuff in the world and swine are available in abundant quantity, they should be consumed in the diet to overcome the food shortage. If this argument is true, why don't they use dog's meat as dogs too are available in abundance? The Europeans perhaps hate the mere mention of dog's meat in the same way as the Muslims shun pork. Another wrong notion about swine-flesh is that its consumption lengthens life-span, although this is a pure myth and absurdity. On the contrary, people, who abstain from pork and liquor, have a longer span of life. The Muslims in Central Asia bear a testimony to this truth. 1 There wee threatening reports about H1N1. World Health Organization Chief, Dr Margaret said that the H1N1 flu should round the world three times and this influenza mainly disturbs the developed countries. 2
Islamic Shareath orders to avoid interacting with pigs as Islam says that there are many effects in Pigs, but what are they? But th3e modern science answers, that only 25percetage of the urine acid is emitting, and the remaining 75 percent dissolves in its blood and body so, the pork is very dangerous to heath and it causes too many diseases.4 Swine cypselas are a disease, which is caused by the intruding of bacteria from pigs to human. By this disease the body becomes red and grows plump. And another disease is Swine fever. This disease causes to death. These pigs can procreate many diseases. Swine vesicular disease is another disease which spreads followed b eating of pork and fat of pigs. As well as external diseases, the pork attacks our inner bodies. And some times the pork causes to trichina worms and hook worms which give the human strong stomach ache and breathlessness. These worms also attack our lungs, and so the human becomes victims of many fatal diseases. These worms also attack our liver, and this attack causes to mental weakness or death. 47 million of American population is addict of these diseases. Pork type worms attack our body, dries our blood, increased dysentery, and when it delays, it causes to diarrhea, vomiting, and paralysis. Another tow types of worms round worms cause to paralysis decrease of hemoglobin and to losing of immunity. 5 There are many microbes such as Balantedium, Cholleitenia and Dolliam. These microbes can defeat our immunity power. Human Cyst Cercoses is also a donation of pig. The treatment to this is only operation. 6 The tapeworm which lives in the body of pig is a cause to health weakness. The microbe of a type of pig, lay eggs in small intestine, it grows, and causes for many diseases.7 There are two harmful worms harbored by pigs, one is "TAENIASOLIUM" which on ingestion passes to the brain and causes epilepsy. The other one is "TRICHINELLASPIRALIS" which passes to the muscles and brain causing muscular swelling and pain and also epilepsy. Pork has more fat and cholesterol than any other meat.8
But, we can find a remedy from these evils, that Islam banned pig. Prophet (PBUH) prohibited pork. And even a single touch, if a Muslim touches the pig he must clean his body seven times with water and a time with muddy water. Allah says: The God banned you form corpse, blood and pork 10. Here we can to proud form Islamic Shareath which saves us from fatal diseases. 1. (Alamul Islami- 2006-July-WML). 2. (sneha samvadam 2009-sep) 3. Why Islam Forbids Pork? : Rashid Shamsi 4. Quran: shasthrangalude shasthram 5. Al Hayawan fil Quran 6. Islam chila medical thoughts 7. sneha samvadam-2009-ict-pag-5 8. Islamic Medicine Hasan Ghaznawi, M. D. 9. Medical aspects of forbidden foods in Islam: Dr. E. Kazim 10. Quran
DOGS The modern people are getting peace of mind with their pets. The western culture is giving more importance for their pets. In this sophisticated world, many of western people select their pets as life partners. In America every men has a pet. The list of pets prolongs as dogs, cats and pigs. They use it for their all matters even to sexuality. And also the dog kisses man and it can calm down the emotion of the human. In this time we should know that Islam prohibits the dogs to touch. When a man lies with a dog, some viruses enter to the body of the man. When the dog kisses men the viruses enter through the saliva. After some days he will suffer from spasmodic contraction of muscles, convulsion, mental weakness and anger. 1 Once a man was suffering from these diseases, walking like dogs, opening the mouth like a dog, then he was admitted in a hospital. He was imprisoned in the cage and the doctor gave him injection and medicine in the food. But what was the disease? The disease was hydro phobia, which was a result of over interaction with dogs.2 The dog is an abode of Echino Cocyss Granulosus worms. These worms are ejected through the anus of the dogs. The eggs of these worms will remain in the anus. The dog has a bad habit of sucking its own anus, and so the eggs enter to its mouth. These eggs are entering to the body of man when he is kissing it. By these viruses man becomes ill of Hydatidosis. 3 Not less than fifteen of these diseases have been registered during the study of tropical medicine. The most dangerous disease is Rabies, which is a killer disease in spite of all medical advances. Public health workers always advise people not to keep dogs indoors.4 : "From the medical points of view, which is our main concern here, the hazards to human health and life from keeping and playing with dogs are not to be ignored. Many people have paid a high price for their ignorance, as the tapeworm carried by dogs is a cause of chronic disease, sometimes resulting in death”.
Professor Noeller, through post-mortem dissection of human bodies in Germany, found that the incidence of infection with dogs' worms is at least one percent. In some places such as Dalmatia, Iceland, Southeastern, and Holland, where dogs are used for pulling sleds, the incidence rate of tapeworm among dogs is 12 percent. 5 We already know that the Prophet (PBUH) forbade mixing with dogs, and that he warned against their licking plates and against keeping them without necessity. The prophet (PBUH) ordered to clean the vessels seven times with water and one time with muddy water. Also he said "Whenever a dog drinks from your vessel, wash it seven times”.6 the scientific researches says that the dusty soil can remove the bacteria of the dogs. Here we can find the good path of Islam. Even Islam gave permission to use the dogs for hunting, didn’t give any concession for interacting with them. 1. Islam: chila medical chindakal 2. Ibid 3. Al Hayawan fil Qur’an 4. Alamul Islami 5. Lawful and prohibited in Islam: Qaradawi 6. Bhukhari, Muslim
Hadeaths There are many Hadeaths according to the medicine. The most of the Hadeaths are the habitual doings of a Muslim. But the modern science is discovering the new knowledge about Hadeaths of The beloved Prophet (PBUH). As well as there are many medicines in the Hadeaths there are many Hadeaths which can prevent a man from fatal diseases. Here I have to mention some the relevant Hadeaths which is very apt to be followed by the modern physical world. DENTAL CARE Every mother eagerly watches her son’s or daughter mouth to ensure that the teeth did come or not. If it came out, mothers clean it very clearly; ever they know that this milky tooth will drop sown. The dental care is vey proper in our families, but why this dental hospital grows with mushroom growth? The dental problems and care were started from the beginning of human being. It may consider that there are historical proofs for dental care of ‘Before Christ’. The Greek historians point out that there were many works about dental care before Christ. 1 In the age of Zocer, there was a dental specialist named as Hazirag. Galan, who is considered as contemporary of Christ, wrote a book about dental treatments. Imam Razi gave the world many precious works about dental care and treatment. He points out to the usage of olive oil to treat the tooth and the usage of tongs to remove the gap of tooth. After him Ali bin Abbas Al Majusi wrote a book about dental care. He indicates to the usage of red-hot syringe for the treatment of dental pain. 2
Dirtiness is the main cause of dental problems. Food wastes remain in the tooth and it gave life for new bacteria. The food wastes mainly causes to damage of tooth and also tooth ach. But in Islamic concept, we should clean out mouth before and after food. The prophet (s) said to clean mouth and hands after food 4 Commonly, our society cleans their tooth in day break. The mothers clean their son’s or daughter’s tooth in dawn. But is it a wrong method. The Islam orders to clean the mouth before sleeping. Other wise there are possibilities for many other diseases. After the cleaning of tooth, a small creamy layer appears in the tooth. This creamy layer may be a birth place of some bacteria. If we don’t remove that creamy layer before it becomes plaque, many viruses appear. After 10-14 hour form dental cleaning, the creamy layer changes to plaque and then to solid calculus. There is no way to remove this calculus without treatment.5 so we can understand the theory of Islam. Here by, a scientifically report was published that British medical Journal’s research points out to the necessity for dental cleaning at least two times every day. The survey says that the dental cleaning two tomes daily can remove heart diseases. There was a survey under proof Richard of London University College among 11000 for 8 years and the survey found that heart disease is 70 percent less in those people who clean tooth twice a day, than others. 6 Islam also ban from cleaning tooth with finger. The Hadeath strictly prohibits it with many verses. But science agrees that using of fingers as brush is dangerous for tooth, and to gum of the mouth. By usage of finger the tooth appears and it may be difficult to remove the food wastes from gap of tooth. 1. Al Arabi monthly Oman 2. Ibid 3. Swahih Bukhari 4. Sunan Abi Davud 5. Competition Success Review 6.
Circumcision Circumcision (Khithan) is a popular ceremony of Muslims. Islam strictly orders all males to Khithan. As well as religious ceremony, this is also scientifically proved ceremony and this was popular among the ancient Jews1 Historical background of the Khithan is that the prophet Ibrahim (a.s) was ordered by God Allah to remove the end skin of his penis and he heartily agreed it and he cut off it. After this was a vajib to all Muslims. The end skin of penis is removable and also not usable. This skin does not attach with the flesh of penis, and so there will a vacuum area where the biotic and bacteria will live. This area will be the settle place of bacteria, fungi and viruses. These insects attack the skin every time. One of the criteria of Islam is that every Muslim should be circumcised. This is medically suggested nowadays as a toxic substance called Smegma may collect under the redundant skin causing cancer of the genitalia in both man and his wife, inflammation of the penis, phthisis, sticking of the redundant skin over the urethral opening leading to difficulty in urination.2 The people who didn’t cut the end skin of the penis, the skin may not go under or over. The situation in which the skin cannot move up is called paraphimosis and in which can’t move down, is called Phimosis. By these two states, a pulp forms between skin and flesh. These pulps are called Banalities and prostrates. The powder, sigma is a cause of these pulps and also causes to cancer in the sexual parts. By the Khithan we can avoid and eradicate many sexual diseases such as condo Lima, and Condi lamellate. These diseases are in the testicles. Circumcision makes a protection from this diseases.3 Now the science had proved the relevance of circumcision when the world was surrendered to many venereal diseases. Now all of other religious people follow the holy ceremony of Islam. And also in modern time many studies and researches are being continued on this subject.
The most dramatic evidence of this protective effect comes from a new study of couples in Uganda, where each woman was HIV positive and her male partner was not. Over a period of 30 months, no new infections occurred among 50 circumcised men; where as 40 of 137 uncircumcised men became infected. The authors concluded that, in the light of the evidence, male circumcision should be seriously considered as an addition at means of preventing HIV in countries.4 1. Quran: shasthrangalude shasthram 2. Islamic Medicine: Hassan Ghaznawi, M. D. 3. Islam: chila medical chindakal 4. Arogyam monthly 5. Nalla Bharya 6. Islam: chila medical chindakal
Moderation in food
A report from prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that: the main cause of all diseases is over limit of food. The prophet (s) says that: the bad pot, the man fills is his belly. He needs only some food which his body seeks. 1 The Quran says: Eat and drink, and don’t cross limit. Allah doesn’t love ht over limiters. 2 When Arab doctor Harris was asked, what is medicine? He replied “hunger”! And to the question “what is the cause of disease? He replied ‘eating before digestion of the old food3. Every human has a proportional standard height and weight. The over limit of eating causes to the standard height and weight change. By the 20% increase of standard height sand weight, the fatness increases. The most fatal disease ‘cancer’ also and addicted disease to over limit of food. The science says that the carcinogen is a main cause of cancer. But these carcinogens couldn’t form cancer, but there are co-carcinogens such as food, heritage, sex and age. But 80% of cancer occurs from chemicals. These chemicals enter to our body with food. But the over limit of food chemicals increases and cause to cancer. 4 The over limit of food causes to Atherosclerosis, Blood pressure, sugar and born pain. The digestion need more blood, then the blood circulation to brain decreases and causes to tumor. Ibn-Seena says: Aware of eating before the last digested, and don’t sleep after eating, and it causes to heart attack. The disorder of food causes to acidity in stomach, hernia and stomach cancer. The unlimited usage of food causes to mental diseases. When food increases, our mind power decreases and lost the mental abilities. 5. By over limit of food, cholesterol increases. These cholesterol stocks in coronary artery and obstructs the blood circulation to heart at last it causes to heart attack 6. The second caliph of Islamic republic Umar (R) says that: keep yourself and filling of stomach. Filling your stomach weakens your body and it drags you from prayer, so be in middle. The adjusted food is good for health.7 It has been proved beyond doubt that over eating is the root of many diseases and also responsible for premature senility. It produces obesity, predisposes to dangerous diseases like diabetes, menitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease and paralysis.8 As well as moderation in the food, the Hadeaths seeks a man to wash his hand before and after meals. The prophet (PBUH) said: "It is a blessing to wash your hands before and after meals." 9 He has also advised us not to clean our hands with a towel before meals as they may convey infection from one person to the other particularly viral diseases like infective hepatitis or bacterial infection like Typhoid dysenteries and cholera.10 1. Thurmudhi- Ibn Majah). 2. Sur –Aaraf-31 3. Arogyam : prathirothavum prathivithiyum 4. Islam chila medical chindakal 81 5. Muqaddima-Ibnu-Qaldoon Malayalam Translation- page -16 6. Islam chila medical chindakal 88 7. Abu Naeem 8. Islamic medicine: Hassan Ghaznawi 9. Abu Daud & Tirmizi 10. Islamic medicine: Hassan Ghaznawi
CLEANLINESS AND EPIDEMICS The main part of health is the cleanliness not only of the body and clothing but also of surroundings. By the dirtiness of our surroundings we face many fatal diseases. These epidemics can change our economical system; sometimes, the medical world surrendered to the fatal disease as the doctors couldn’t remove the disease, and the toll rose. At last the world declared that the sources of these fatal epidemics are the wastes. 19th century was troubled due to wastes. 80 percent of pure water of America was polluted with the industrial wastes. In 1952, about 4000 men died in London due to the copper acid and smuts. In this time we can understand the necessity of Islam, as it orders to clean his body, dress and his environment.1 Every time, the Europeans hated the cleanliness and neatness as it was allergy to them. They were fear from water. In 1538 the king of France, Francois1 closed all public bathrooms as he believed that the bathing is injurious to health. In 1546 the king Henry VIII closed all public bathrooms of Sat hark and the queen Elizabeth was taking bath only one time in every month. In that bad condition, the Europeans were the victims of skin diseases.2 Hygiene is very important. Cleanliness prevent infection entering the citadel of human body and this guards us against ill health and epidemics- God ordered our Prophet: "O, Prophet, keep your apparel clean and meticulously avoid filth and rubbish.3 " Our Prophet said, "God Almighty is himself pure and likes purity, God himself is clean and likes cleanliness."4
The habit of washing after defecation saves us from Pilonidal sinus which is an abscess with hair inside occurring near anal opening. Pylonephritis: This is more in women due to the proximity of the urethral opening to the anus so toilet paper while being used may bring germs like E. coli to the urethra. 7 But the history says that there were no any bathrooms in Europe before they interact with Turks and Arabs in crusades8. But Islam gave more preference to bathing and public bathrooms, in the time of Abbasid Khalifa Sultan Muqtar (908-932) there were 27000 public bathrooms in Bagdad9, so we know the Islamic concept of bathing, as it persuades to bath in every Friday. In this time we can find a remedy for these fatal problems through Islam. Islam gives more respect to cleanliness as it describes the dean lines as a semi part of Iman (belief). If any are believes but his body is not clean, there is no profit to him. In Quran Allah says “no doubt, Allah likes the constant repentant and likes cleansers”.10 Nowadays, the medical leaders agreed that the main cause of viral fever and other fatal diseases is the mosquitoes. But why not we don’t know that the source of the mosquitoes is the wastes thrown by every man.? The food wastes become the birthplaces of these mosquitoes and viruses. Did we think how these wastes produce? Because by the only over limit of the food. But the Quran says: eat and drink and don’t cross the limit.11 Islam strictly rebukes the modern dining system. The modernists teach the world bad culture and they promote to remain the food in plates. But prophet (PBUH) orders to don’t avoid even small amount of the food in the plate. The bad smell from the wastes attack our nostrils and it may effect to our lungs. But this naked truth was discovered in the last breaths of the 20th century. And we know Islam gave the care for our health through neatness and cleanliness. Infection may be transmitted through dirty hands or dirty food. Hands: It is essential to wash our hands before and after meals. Our blessed Prophet told us: "It is a blessing to wash your hands before and after meals." 12
Prophet said: "Whosever gets up from slumber should not dip his hand in any utensil unless he washes those three times, who knows what things he has been touching during sleep." 13 The most of diseases are infect through bacteria. When we eat food without washing our mouth and hands, the bacteria enter to our inner parts, there it enlarges and at last it attacks our inner bodies. The origin of worms is from these bacteria. But Islam orders to clean our hand and mouth before we eat, to cut nails and to clean the food before cook. And also Islam commands to cover and close the food vessels. Now the science agreed that many of diseases are infecting through the legs of flies. Many viruses enter to the food from the legs of flies. These viruses attack our body and this cause to loose motion and diarrhea. In a report of UNICEF, about 35 lacks of children die yearly due to diarrhea in developing countries.14 1. Islam between east and west 2. Thejas monthly Calicut 3. in Sura Al-Muddassir 4. Tirmizi 5. http://new.-bbc.-co.uk 6. The big necessity :Adventures in the world of human wastes: Rose George P:61) 7. Islamic Medicine: Hassan Ghaznawi, M. D 8. Clean a history of personal hygiene and purity oxford 2007:Virgin smith ) 9. Philip. k. Hitty, history of Arabs, page: 938 10. Al baqara 222 11. Aaraf 31 12. (Abu Daud & Tirmizi 13. (Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawood, Nasai) 14. Thejas monthly P:15 march 16-31,2010)
Ablution We, the Muslims have five prayers per day. The prophet (PBUH) ordered that the prayer will be not accepted without ablution. What does the science says about the ablution. A prerequisite of prayers yet one of the most hygienic procedures as it usually keeps the exposed parts of our body clean and also the parts of entry like mouth and nose thus avoiding infection.1 The first work of the ablution is cleaning palms and then face. By face washing many diseases go back such as sneezing and catarrh. By washing hands the bacteria removes from the hand. By rubbing water on the head is a most discussed lesson, that the head is an engine of the human. So we make cool our motors engine cool, we should make our head cool. And legs are the wheels of a man and it may be dirty, so we have to clean it.2 The beloved prophet (PBUH) ordered to take ablution before we get into bed. The modern science says that if we wash our faced every night we will no get wrinkle in our face in the agedness. Thahneek Thahneek is common thing among the Muslims. Thahneek means giving sweet to born child. This Thahneek is a custom of beloved Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The prophet (PBUH) gave dates after chewing it in his holly mouth to children. Anas bin Malik sys: my wife delivered a child. Abu Thalh said: you should take him to the holly presence of the beloved prophet (PBUH), and then I took him. When I reached to the holy presence of the prophet (PBUH), He asked: what did you bring for him, I replied: dry dates. Then the prophet (PBUH) took the date and chewed in his mouth and gave it to the child. 3 The English doctors arranged a meeting in Leeds of south England to research about Thahneek. They examined that can the sweet less child’s cry. In 1995 British medical Journal published the details of this meeting, and journal proved that the examination was successful.4 If you give sweet to the mouth of a child, it can decrease the pain touch and the sped of the heart beat. The increase of the sweetness of the solution is more effective for the body.
The dates have a special power in this custom. The dates include Glucose which helps to standard growth and health for body and brain. The science agreed that the date can reduce sugar about 70-80 % and it includes iron copper, magnesium, calcium, sodium potassium and vitamins.5 Now the modern science agreed that the dates can reduce the pain of delivery. But we should know that the prophet (PBUH) had taught the world medical aspects of dates, and Allah says to Mariyam, in her delivery time: “Go to the under of the palm and eat its fruit”6. There are many medicines in the dates. 1. Islamic medicine: Hassan Ghaznawi 2. Quran: shasthrangalude shasthram 3. Baihaqi 4. Al Waeul Islami 1998 Sep 5. Ibid 6.
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